Antipredator Defense as a Limited Resource : Unequal Predation Risk and

INSECTS WITH PARENTAL INSTINCTSMore than two centuries ago, a Swedish scientist named Modeer described what appeared to be maternal behavior in the acanthosomatid shield bug Elasmucha grisea. He noted that the female did not fly away when an intruding object threatened her stuff egg mass instead, she remained steadfast and tilted her body towards the object (Tallamy). Unfortunately, this evidence, no matter how well documented, was not enough to convince countless people of the surmise of insects having parental instincts. The acknowledgement of parental behavior in insects was not a widely accepted idea for a number of years. Many people believed insects were overly primitive to care for their young and that only when physical conditions became extremely severe were insects capable of expressing paternal abilities. The traditional view of maternal care is that it is an exceptional and comparatively recent evolutionary leap forward (Tallamy).Fortunately, the assumptions made about maternal care in insects do not have to be accepted or rejected based only on faith or an educated guess today it is possible for these predictions to be empirically tested so that the data may be recorded and analyzed. The following experiment is just one example of the various ways in which ideas regarding insects and maternal care may be effectively evaluated.Reginald B. Cocroft, of the Neurobiology and conduct Department at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, researched insects known as Umbonia crassicornis, or the thornbug treehopper. U. crassicornis offspring thrive in large aggregations on the a lot exposed stems of host-plants. These offspring are incredibly vulnerable, making them easy targets and subject to intense predatio... ...ymphs unequally. The mother distributed her protection equally throughout the entire aggregation along the length of the branch.Main PointsLocation in relation to the mother is possibly competitiveLocation independent of the mother is poss ibly competitive, but only using competitionSignaling is not competitive for maternal care, it is cooperative and the mother distributes protection along the aggregation equally.WORKS CITEDCocroft, Reginald B. 2002. Antipredator Defense as a control Resourse Unequal Predation Risk and Broods of an Insect With Maternal Care. Behavioral Ecology, 13, 1, 125-133.Tallamy, D. W. and C. Schaefer. 1997. Maternal behavior in the Hemiptera Ancestry, Alternatives, and Current Adaptive Value. pp. 94-115, In B. Crespi and J. Choe (eds.). Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.